The smart card is the core of smart card technology. Its performance and cost play a decisive role in the promotion and use of smart card technology. In order to improve the standardization and versatility of smart cards, the International Organization for Standardization makes detailed provisions on the interface and communication protocol of smart cards. Smart card manufacturers HID, PHILIPS, SIEMENS, ATMEL, GEMPLUS, MOTOROLA, MICROCHIP and other companies.
Smart cards are semiconductor cards. Semiconductor cards use microelectronics technology for information storage and processing. According to its composition, smart cards can be divided into general memory cards, encrypted memory cards, CPU cards, and super smart cards:
Non-encrypted memory card (Memory Card)
The embedded chip is equivalent to an ordinary serial E2PROM memory, and some chips also increase the write protection function in a specific area. Such card information is easy to store, simple to use, and inexpensive, and can be used as a substitute for a magnetic card in many occasions, but it does not have information itself. Confidentiality, therefore, can only be used in applications where confidentiality is not demanding.
Encrypted memory card (SecurityCard)
Encrypted memory card embedded chips add control logic outside the storage area, need to check the password before accessing the storage area, only the correct password can access operation, this type of information is better confidentiality, use similar to ordinary memory card
CPU Card (SmartCard)
The embedded chip of the CPU card is equivalent to a special type of single-chip microcomputer. Besides the controller, memory, and timing control logic, the CPU card also has an arithmetic unit and an operating system. Since the CPU card has large storage capacity and strong processing capability, the information Storage security features. Therefore, it is widely used in occasions where information security is particularly demanding.
<br> <br> Super Smart Card having a memory and a MPU on the card and provided with a keyboard, a liquid crystal display and a power supply, the card also has some fingerprint recognition device and the like.
According to data reading and writing methods, smart cards can be divided into two types: contact IC cards and non-contact IC cards:
<br> <br> contactless IC card contact is contacted by the former phase and the contacts on the card reader device, read and write data; ISO7816 series of international standards for such a predetermined IC card.
Non-contact type IC card <br> <br> latter circuit without contact with the reader device, reading and writing (e.g., light or radio technology) by a non-contact reader technology. Its embedded chip is in addition to memory cells. Outside the control logic, an RF transceiver circuit was added. Such cards are generally used where access is frequent and where reliability requirements are particularly high. The international standard ISO 10536 series describes the relevant regulations for non-contact IC cards.
According to the data exchange format classification, smart cards can be divided into two types: serial and parallel:
When the IC card serial <br> <br> smart card and external data exchange, according to the data stream input and output serially. Most IC cards in current applications are classified as serial IC cards. Serial IC cards have a simple interface and are easy to use. The International Standards Organization has specifically developed related standards.
Parallel and serial IC card <br> <br> opposite IC card, the IC card parallel data exchange in a parallel manner, whereby two benefits, one speed data exchange, the second is in the prior art Storage capacity can increase significantly under conditions. The company has made explorations in addition to manufacturers, and has put products into use. However, due to the lack of corresponding international standards, there are still some problems in large-scale applications.
In addition, the relevant manufacturers have also designed and manufactured a variety of smart cards suitable for practical purposes, such as:
Prepayment Card (PrepaymentCard)
After the prepaid card is shipped, the features before the initialization are similar to those of the encryption memory card, but the capacity is small. Once the user initializes, the information is read similar to an ordinary memory card, and the embedded chip is equivalent to a counter. The counter can only be used for subtraction and cannot be added. When the count is zero, the chip is obsolete. Therefore, it is disposable. This card is designed for pre-paid use.
<br> <br> hybrid card hybrid card there are a variety of forms, magnetic cards and IC chip on a card to do the same, the contact and non-contact integrated, generally called "hybrid card."
Smart cards are semiconductor cards. Semiconductor cards use microelectronics technology for information storage and processing. According to its composition, smart cards can be divided into general memory cards, encrypted memory cards, CPU cards, and super smart cards:
Non-encrypted memory card (Memory Card)
The embedded chip is equivalent to an ordinary serial E2PROM memory, and some chips also increase the write protection function in a specific area. Such card information is easy to store, simple to use, and inexpensive, and can be used as a substitute for a magnetic card in many occasions, but it does not have information itself. Confidentiality, therefore, can only be used in applications where confidentiality is not demanding.
Encrypted memory card (SecurityCard)
Encrypted memory card embedded chips add control logic outside the storage area, need to check the password before accessing the storage area, only the correct password can access operation, this type of information is better confidentiality, use similar to ordinary memory card
CPU Card (SmartCard)
The embedded chip of the CPU card is equivalent to a special type of single-chip microcomputer. Besides the controller, memory, and timing control logic, the CPU card also has an arithmetic unit and an operating system. Since the CPU card has large storage capacity and strong processing capability, the information Storage security features. Therefore, it is widely used in occasions where information security is particularly demanding.
<br> <br> Super Smart Card having a memory and a MPU on the card and provided with a keyboard, a liquid crystal display and a power supply, the card also has some fingerprint recognition device and the like.
According to data reading and writing methods, smart cards can be divided into two types: contact IC cards and non-contact IC cards:
<br> <br> contactless IC card contact is contacted by the former phase and the contacts on the card reader device, read and write data; ISO7816 series of international standards for such a predetermined IC card.
Non-contact type IC card <br> <br> latter circuit without contact with the reader device, reading and writing (e.g., light or radio technology) by a non-contact reader technology. Its embedded chip is in addition to memory cells. Outside the control logic, an RF transceiver circuit was added. Such cards are generally used where access is frequent and where reliability requirements are particularly high. The international standard ISO 10536 series describes the relevant regulations for non-contact IC cards.
According to the data exchange format classification, smart cards can be divided into two types: serial and parallel:
When the IC card serial <br> <br> smart card and external data exchange, according to the data stream input and output serially. Most IC cards in current applications are classified as serial IC cards. Serial IC cards have a simple interface and are easy to use. The International Standards Organization has specifically developed related standards.
Parallel and serial IC card <br> <br> opposite IC card, the IC card parallel data exchange in a parallel manner, whereby two benefits, one speed data exchange, the second is in the prior art Storage capacity can increase significantly under conditions. The company has made explorations in addition to manufacturers, and has put products into use. However, due to the lack of corresponding international standards, there are still some problems in large-scale applications.
In addition, the relevant manufacturers have also designed and manufactured a variety of smart cards suitable for practical purposes, such as:
Prepayment Card (PrepaymentCard)
After the prepaid card is shipped, the features before the initialization are similar to those of the encryption memory card, but the capacity is small. Once the user initializes, the information is read similar to an ordinary memory card, and the embedded chip is equivalent to a counter. The counter can only be used for subtraction and cannot be added. When the count is zero, the chip is obsolete. Therefore, it is disposable. This card is designed for pre-paid use.
<br> <br> hybrid card hybrid card there are a variety of forms, magnetic cards and IC chip on a card to do the same, the contact and non-contact integrated, generally called "hybrid card."
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